This medical history article recounts the adventures of some physicians who acted as spies at different times in history. Many of them had to face dire consequences for their actions.
Shah S. CIA organised fake vaccination drive to get Osama bin Laden's family DNA. The Guardian [Internet]. [Published 2011 Jul 11; Cited 2018 Dec 29]. Available online from https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/jul/11/cia-fakevaccinations- osama-bin-ladens-dna
Mazzetti M. Panetta Credits Pakistani Doctor in Bin Laden Raid. The New York Times [Internet]. [Published 2012 Jan 28; Cited 2018 Dec 28]. Available online from https://www. nytimes.com/2012/01/29/world/asia/panetta-creditspakistani- doctor-in-bin-laden-raid.html
Document of the US Department of Justice dated August 24, 1943. Available online from http://jfk.hood.edu/Collection/ Weisberg%20Subject%20Index%20Files/B%20Disk/ Buchanan-Dineen%20Grace/Item%2001.pdf
Plummer K. Historicist: Socialite and Nazi Spy. The Torontoist [Internet]. [Published 2017 Apr 1; Cited 2018 Dec 29]. Available online from https://torontoist.com/2017/04/historicistsocialite- and-nazi-spy/
Pringle P. Marcus Klingberg: the spy who knew too much. The Guardian [Internet]. [Published 2014 Apr 27; Cited 2018 Dec 28]. Available online from https://www.theguardian. com/world/2014/apr/27/marcus-klingberg-soviet-spy-kgb
Staff reporter. Notorious spy Marcus Klingberg dies at 97. The Times of Israel [Internet]. [Published 2015 Nov 30; Cited 2018 Dec 29].
Klingberg M. An epidemiologist's journey from typhus to thalidomide, and from the Soviet Union to Seveso. J R Soc Med 2010; 103: 418-23
Wendt J. Doctor, dissident, refugee, spy. [Internet]. [Cited 2018 Dec 29]. Available online from https://www.sbs.com. au/topics/life/feature/doctor-dissident-refugee-spy
Pribbenow M. A Soviet spy in Saigon: the case of the French Doctor. HistoryNet [Internet]. [Published 2017 Mar 22; Cited 2018 Dec 29]. Available online from http://www.historynet. com/soviet-spy-saigon-case-french-doctor.htm
Clark C. Rufus Gilpatrick. [Cited 2018 Dec 30]. Available online from http://kansasboguslegislature.org/free/ gilpatrick_r.html
