Diabetes is one of the most important public health problems. There is paucity of Indian data as to which conditions leads to diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study endeavors to throw some light on the problem. A cross-sectional and retrospective study including 321 subjects, performed at a tertiary care hospital in eastern India A total of 321 female patients diagnosed with diabetes over a period of 24 months were included. Mean age at diagnosis being 45.54 ± 10.8 years, respectively. Out of these, only 23.05% presented with osmotic and other symptoms (foot ulcer, weight loss, etc.) suggestive of diabetes. A substantial 43.52% of total patients were diagnosed during general healthcare check-up [35.2% in outpatient department (OPD) and 8.32% during perioperative evaluation]. Remaining patients diagnosed with diabetes included 8.28% patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome, 13.4% with infections of different types and 11.75% with other non-related diseases. Among diagnosed diabetics, 50.47% had HTN and 41.12% had IHD.

Pain is a common symptom of stroke. The exact prevalence is not known due to lack of studies. Acute and chronic pain can occur after stroke. In this study, the prevalence of different types of chronic post-stroke pain and their characteristics are evaluated. Identifying the types of pain that can occur after stroke can help to prevent and manage those cases. A retrospective and prospective study were undertaken among 1060 patients of stroke. In this series, temporomandibular joint dysfunction (TMJD) 14%, neck pain 40% hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) 41.9%, brachial plexus injury 1.03%, heterotopic ossification (HO) of elbow 0.6%. Compressive neuropathy due to poor positioning like median nerve entrapment neuropathy 41.2%, ulnar nerve entrapment neuropathy 30.6%, dependent edema of hand and forearm 27.9%, complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS type 1) 12.3%, pressure ulcer (PU) 31.03%, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) 2.3%, central post-stroke pain syndrome (CPSP) 11.03%, and spasticity 21.03%.

Dual-energy computed tomography scan (DECT) is emerging as a promising imaging technique with diverse applications. It is becoming useful in many fields like rheumatology, nephrology, and oncology. This article gives a brief description of the current and future applications of DECT.

Background: Celiac disease is an autoimmune disease triggered by presence of gluten in food items, which precipitates specific symptoms of the disease. Objectives: To find novel concepts on diets in celiac disease, we summarized information from literature sources which needs further translational researches. Results: Though there are abundant literature on celiac disease about its etiology, signs and symptoms and diet models, there is no specific treatment and management protocol other than gluten-free food. Conclusion: A sincere discourse on the critical issue of dietary advice in celiac disease is very much required for primary health care providers, to be conversant with clinical features and outcomes with alternate treatment modalities.

This medical history article recounts the adventures of some physicians who acted as spies at different times in history. Many of them had to face dire consequences for their actions.

Background: Ethical principles are part and parcel of the qualitative research and become an integral of qualitative research beginning from the framing of the research questions, formation of the research design, selecting the proper methodology, selection of subjects in the population to be studied, data collection, data analysis and forming an inference. Ethical principles: The four basic principles of medical ethics are beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, and justice. Other important principles of ethics are confidentiality, fidelity, veracity (truthfulness) and accountability. A very important step of research ethics is informed consent. The purpose is to let the participant know the details of the research work-its purpose, principle, and methods. The informed consent form should be in the vernacular language, explained to the patient by or in the presence of a person who he can rely upon, and will be accepted by the court of law. The other important factors of ethics are reciprocity, power and empowerment, ownership and Hazards, risk and compensation. Institutional ethical committee: The institutional ethical committee also considers some aspects of research ethics. These are validity, reliability, transferability, confirmability, and triangulations. Conclusion: The most important aspects of ethics in qualitative research are: becoming highly careful in delicate issues, truthfulness, honesty, and integrity